Energy efficient design begins with passive solar design, and then goes deeper with the application of suitable insulation to the full building envelope, shading of glazing and walls, detailed selection of glazing options for the range of orientations and exposure level, materials selections, thermal break preventions, external colour schemes and airtightness.
It is extremely important when designing an energy efficient home to develop a management plan for indoor air quality and condensation control both in the home itself, and also in the structural cavities. This is managed through a combination of structural design, construction detailing and smart fixtures and appliances.